It feels counterintuitive: it's overcast, cooler, not glary - surely UV is low? But the sensations you associate with strong sun (brightness and warmth) come mostly from visible light and infrared, not UV. Thin or broken cloud scatters UV rather than absorbing it, and can even intensify it briefly through gaps - an effect called broken-cloud enhancement.

How much UV gets through

This is why people are surprised by a sunburn after a “cloudy” beach day or a long overcast hike. The UV index accounts for cloud in its forecast, so it's a far better guide than how bright it looks.

The rule of thumb

The World Health Organization recommends protection whenever the UV index is 3 or higher - cloudy or not. If your forecast says UV 5 under cloud, treat it like UV 5. Check the number, not the sky.